The left-folding stock hinge is attached to an AR-style buffer tube and accepts any AR-style stock. Ruger Precision MSR stock with QD sling attachment points features a bottom Picatinny rail and soft rubber buttpad. In-line recoil path manages recoil directly from the rear of the receiver to the buttstock, not through a traditional bedding system, providing maximum accuracy potential. A subjective evaluation, which investigates the perceptual relevance of the proposed model, is also presented.Barrel features a Ruger Precision Rifle Hybrid Muzzle Brake to effectively reduce recoil while minimizing noise and blast to the sides of the shooter. The model is based on a deconstruction of the gunshot sound event into its constituent parts and uses parameters such as the barrel length, bullet type, and muzzle velocity to synthesise the sounds of different firearms. This chapter describes a physically motivated parametric gunshot sound synthesis model. , which is essentially a PCG technique can be used to alleviate the need to record gunshot sounds. Since many games and simulations incorporate firearms, parametric sound synthesis While some sound effects can be recorded with comparatively easy, given the necessary time, effort, and resources, some others such as gunshot soundsĪre not easy to record. Provides a cost-effective alternative to recording these sounds in the studio or in the field. A typical AAA game contains tens of thousands of sound files as audio assets, which include spoken dialogue as well as sound effects. Generation of content for games is one of the major bottlenecks in terms of the effort required and the resources to be committed. The on-axis muzzle blast sound level for the ten firearms ranged from just over 145 dB unweighted SPL for the 308 rifle to just under 120 dB for the 22 rifle, a span of about 25 dB. The 22 is also highly directional, showing a roll- off of nearly 30 dB between the on-axis position and the 180° azimuth position. The 22 is significantly quieter at all azimuths than any of the other firearms tested. Figure 5 presents a comparison of level and azimuth dependence for the 22 rifle compared to the 308 rifle and the 357 and 45 pistols. The 38 and 45 produce a relatively low on-axis sound level, and a roll-off of 10 dB or less between zero and 180° azimuth. Figure 4 shows the SPL results and azimuth dependence of the 357 (repeated from Fig. 2, the 10mm shows a roll-off of only 12 dB with increasing azimuth, while the 357, 9mm, and 40 show a difference of 15 dB, which is similar to the azimuth dependence of the rifle shots. The on-axis level for the 357 handgun is comparable to the 223 rifle and 12 gauge shotgun, and approximately 4 dB higher than for the 9mm, 10mm, and 40 handguns. The corresponding directional level comparison for four of the handguns is shown in Fig. We believe this result is due to the acoustical shadowing of the shooter: the firearms were held in the right hand or at the right shoulder of this right-handed marksman (see Fig. The data appear to show an interesting anomaly near the 180° azimuth angle, because the measured level at 171° is lower than the 180° position directly behind the firearm. The 12 gauge shotgun exhibits a somewhat more directional characteristic than the 308 and 223 rifles. All three firearms shown in this figure produce on-axis levels near 145 dB, declining by approximately 15 dB for azimuths behind the shooter. The unweighted SPL, 20 log 10 ( P RMS / P ref ), for the large rifle and shotgun tests is shown in Fig. The time window was selected both to avoid onset accuracy errors and to eliminate the subsequent arrival of ground reflections. A 400 sample (9 ms) window beginning 50 samples prior to the detected muzzle blast was used to calculate the RMS sound pressure for each shot, with the 94dB recorded calibration tone as the reference. audio file was processed with computer software to identify the onset of the muzzle blast.
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